Pre-Calculus

Department/Grade:  Math/11-12                        Course:  Precalculus                 Revision Date:  January, 2008

                                               

Required/Elective:  Elective                              Course Length:  1 year             Prerequisite:  Algebra II

 

Course Description:  This course is an integrated sequence of advanced topics in algebra and trigonometry.  Students will further develop equation-solving and graphing skills. It is designed for those students with above average mathematical ability and who wish to take calculus in high school or intend to pursue a career in a mathematics or science related major in college.

 

COURSE OBJECTIVES

CONTENT OUTLINE

Sketch and analyze graphs

  • Identify parent graphs and their transformations (multiple)
  • Sketch step functions and other piecewise-defined functions
  • Identify odd and even functions graphically
  • Use zeros of a function as a sketching aid
  • Sketch inverse functions
  • Use the Leading Coefficient Test to determine end behaviors
  • Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to help locate zeros of polynomial functions
  • Identify domains and ranges of functions
  • Find horizontal, vertical, and slant asymptotes
  • Sketch six  trigonometric parent graphs
  • Sketch transformations of sine and cosine graphs

Manipulate and analyze algebraic representations

  • Find and interpret zeros algebraically
  • Find compositions of functions
  • Find inverse functions algebraically
  • Use polynomial division
  • Work with complex numbers
  • Use the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to determine the numbers of zeros of polynomial functions
  • Use Descartes’ Rule of Signs and the Upper and Lower Bound Rules to find zeros of polynomials

Use Mathematical Modeling

  • Use combinations of functions to model and solve real-life problems
  • Use mathematical models to approximate sets of data points
  • Write mathematical models for direct variation, direction variation as an nth power, inverse variation, and joint variation
  • Use regression analysis to find mathematical models
  • Use rational functions to model and solve real-life problems
  • Model cyclic situations using trigonometric equations

Use trigonometry

  • Convert between radians and degrees
  • Use the unit circle to find trigonometric functions of special angles
  • Evaluate trigonometric functions of any angle
  • Use the fundamental trigonometric identities
  • Evaluate the inverse trigonometric functions
  • Evaluate the compositions of trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions
  • Use fundamental trigonometric identities to evaluate trigonometric functions and simplify trigonometric expressions
  • Verify trigonometric identities
  • Solve trigonometric equations

Explore sequences, series, and probability

  • Use sequence, factorial, and summation notation to write the terms and sum of a sequence
  • Recognize, write, and manipulate arithmetic sequences and geometric sequences
  • Solve counting problems using the Fundamental Counting Principle, permutations, and combinations

Preview calculus topics

  • Algebraically calculate derivatives
  • Explore and evaluate difference quotients
  • Identify composite functions
  • Find maximums and minimums of functions

Use graphing technologies

  • Work with functions (linear and nonlinear, continuous and discontinuous) on a graphing calculator
  • Create simple programs on the graphing calculator
  • Use the graphing calculator to find roots and intersections of functions
  • Use an online grapher to further enhance understanding of functions and their relationships (one example can be found at http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/DataFlyer/

RESOURCE MATERIALS

ASSESSMENT OPTIONS

  • Major Text – Precalculus  (Houghton Mifflin)
  • TI-83+ Graphing Calculators
  • Online graphers
  • Unit Tests
  • Cumulative Tests
  • Midterm Exam
  • Final Exam
  • Standardized Tests
  • Open-Ended Assessments
  • Quizzes
  • Projects
  • Math Journal
  • Oral Presentations
  • Observation
  • Evaluate written work
  • Performance assessments
  • Tests, quizzes
  • Problem solving journal/activity
  • Evaluate oral response
  • Anecdotal records
  • Performance tasks